SOFT MAPLE HARDWOOD IDENTIFICATION GUIDE

SOFT MAPLE HARDWOOD IDENTIFICATION GUIDE

An In-Depth Look at Soft Maple's Characteristics, Color, Grain & More

Soft Maple

OTHER COMMON NAMES

Soft maple represents a family of maple woods. The term “soft maple” is used commercially to distinguish certain types of maple from hard maple. Soft maple species include red maple, silver maple, box elder, striped maple, and bigleaf maple. [1]

By comparison, maple trees that are considered “hard maple” include Acer nigrum (black maple), Acer saccharum (sugar maple) and Acer floridanum (Florida maple) – all of which growth along the East Coast.

LATIN NAME

The soft maple family’s Latin names are: Acer rubrum (red maple), Acer saccharinum (silver maple), Acer negundo (box elder), Acer pensylvanicum (striped maple), and Acer macrophyllum (bigleaf maple). [1]

CHARACTERISTICS - SOFT MAPLE

Soft maple varies more than hard maple in color, but in all species of hard and soft maple, the sapwood is usually gray/white, with medullary spots being a common feature. The heartwood can vary from light to dark reddish brown, and it generally straight-grained grain pattern with a fine texture. [3]

MAIN USES - SOFT MAPLE

Soft maple wood is primarily used for lumber, paper pulp, cabinetry, and woodworking jigs and forms. While not as tough as hard maple, it has better resistance to warping and twisting. [2] It can also be used for a variety of millwork, inducing architectural mouldings and more.

CABINETRY
Paper Pulp
MOULDINGS
 
 

MILLING PROPERTIES - SOFT MAPLE

Soft maple lumber takes well to machining, drilling and planing, and it is often easier to work with when compared to its hard maple counterparts. [2]


HARDWOOD PROPERTIES - SOFT MAPLE

All soft maple species average between 700 - 950 on the Janka Hardness Scale. [4] Due to this range in hardness and density, it’s not recommended for flooring or countertops. Soft maple is easy to work in regard to cutting and sanding, and takes stain, glue, and finish well. It’s important to note that soft maple wood won’t take as high a polish as hard maple. [2]

Janka Hardness Scale


ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE - SOFT MAPLE

Soft maple has a large growth area throughout North America, being found from southeastern Canada and Maine to Minnesota, and south to Alabama. It grows most prolifically around the Great Lakes, with Michigan and New York producing the most trees.

Species of soft maple prefer damp ground in lowlands, swampy areas, and stream banks. [2] Red maple is more common in the northeastern states, while silver maple is more common in central and southern states. [3]

 

Volume of live trees on forest land, 1000 m3

All data derives from Forest Inventory Data Online (FIDO), a component of the U.S. Forest Service Inventory and Analysis Program (FIA). Data was compiled by AHEC in January 2016 using the most recent state inventory available (2014 for most states). "Forest volume" refers to "net volume of live trees on forest land," as defined by FIA (see glossary). FIA forest volume data is available for 49 U.S. states (Hawaii and Washington D.C. are omitted) with total hardwood forest volume of 18.1 billion m3 of which 13.5 billion m3are commercially significant.


SOFT MAPLE PRODUCTS AT BAIRD BROTHERS

Baird Brothers Fine Hardwoods is happy to assist with any questions you have about our Soft Maple products, which include a variety of Soft Maple rough lumber, Soft Maple plywood, and other items.

 

Please call 1-800-732-1697 or Contact Us if you need help with our extensive inventory.


COMPARISON TO OTHER WOOD SPECIES

Source: The Department of Agriculture's Wood Handbook

LumberSpecific GravityJanka HardnessModulus of Elasticity (MPa)Impact Bending (mm)Grain
African Mahogany --- 830 lb 9,700 --- Medium/Coarse
Alder 0.41 590 lb 9,500 510 Fine
Ash 0.6 1,320 lb 12,000 1,090 Fine
Basswood 0.37 410 lb 10,100 410 Fine
Beech 0.64 1,300 lb 11,900 1,040 Fine/Medium
Birch, Yellow 0.62 1,260 lb 13,900 1,400 Fine
Cedar, Western Red 0.32 350 lb 7,700 430 Fine
Cherry, Brazilian 0.91 2,350 lb 22,510 --- Medium
Cherry 0.5 950 lb 10,300 740 Fine
Cypress 0.51 510 lb 6,300 --- Medium
Douglas Fir 0.48 710 lb 12,300 660 Medium/Coarse
Hemlock 0.4 540 lb 8,300 530 Coarse
Hickory 0.66 1,820 lb 11,900 1,120 Medium
Maple, Hard 0.63 1,450 lb 12,600 990 Fine
Maple, Soft 0.47 700 lb 7,900 640 Fine
Oak, Red 0.63 1,290 lb 12,500 1,090 Coarse
Oak, White 0.68 1,360 lb 12,300 940 Coarse
Pine, Eastern White 0.35 380 lb 8,500 460 Medium
Pine, Ponderosa 0.4 460 lb 8,900 480 Medium
Pine, Yellow (Shortleaf) 0.51 690 lb 12,100 840 Fine/Medium
Poplar 0.42 540 lb 10,900 610 Medium
Sapele 0.67 1,410 lb 15,930 --- Fine
Teak 0.66 1,070 lb 10,700 --- Coarse
Walnut (Black) 0.55 1,010 lb 11,600 860 Medium

*Data is based on a moisture content of 12%.

GLOSSARY

Impact Bending — In the impact bending test, a hammer of given weight is dropped upon a beam from successively increased heights until rupture occurs or the beam deflects 152 mm (6 in.) or more. The height of the maximum drop, or the drop that causes failure, is a comparative value that represents the ability of wood to absorb s hocks that cause stresses beyond the proportional limit.

Janka Hardness — Defined as resistance to indentation using a modified Janka hardness test, measured by the load required to embed a 11.28-mm (0.444-in) ball to one-half its diameter. Values presented are the average of radial and tangential penetrations.

Modulus of Elasticity — Elasticity implies that deformations produced by low stress are completely recoverable after loads are removed. When loaded to higher stress levels, plastic deformation or failure occurs.

Specific Gravity - A measure of the ratio of a wood's density as compared to water. If a wood species had the same density as water, the specific gravity would be 1.00.


SOURCES

  1. “Soft Maple”. The Wood Database. Wood-database.com. Accessed Aug, 2021.
  2. "Maple". WoodMagazine.com. Accessed Aug. 2021.
  3. “American Soft Maple”. American Hardwood Export Council. Americanhardwood.org. Accessed Feb. 2020.
  4. “Differences Between Hard Maple and Soft Maple”. . The Wood Database. Wood-database.com. Accessed Aug, 2021.