HICKORY HARDWOOD IDENTIFICATION GUIDE

HICKORY HARDWOOD IDENTIFICATION GUIDE

An In-Depth Look at Hickory's Characteristics, Color, Grain & More

Hickory

OTHER COMMON NAMES

There are more than ten different species of Hickory wood, including red, sand, black, shagbark, shellbark, mockernut, pignut, pecan, bitternut, and scrub. Different types of hickory trees provide wood for a variety of uses, from hardwood lumber to wood chips for smoking meat. [5]

LATIN NAME

Hickory is the common name for trees in the Carya genus. (For example, shellbark hickory’s scientific name is carya laciniosa, shagbark hickory’s scientific name is carya ovata, and carya glabra is pignut hickory.) With species so close in characteristics, most hickory lumber is not distinguished between which species is being used. [4]

CHARACTERISTICS - HICKORY

Hickory wood is known for its hard and dense structure, and is even shock resistant. While other woods may be harder, hickory’s combination of strength and stiffness is not found in other wood types. However, hickory has an open grain structure that can be wavy or irregular. This causes the hickory to absorb moisture more than other woods making it prone to shrinkage or warped structure.

Hickory wood is typically a light or golden brown color with dark grain lines. Using a stain on the wood may alter the color to be a darker or reddish brown. However, there are many shades of brown that can be seen in hickory due to its unique grain patterns. Calico hickory has a unique split coloring as it combines both light sapwood and darker heartwood.



MAIN USES - HICKORY

Hickory is known for its durability, making it a prime choice for hardwood flooring. However, there are many uses for the sturdy hickory wood. Pecan hickory can be used for tool handles and flooring. Others can be used for pallets, logs, decorative paneling, ladder rungs, and veneer for furniture. True hickory can be used for tool handles and hand tools where high shock resistance is crucial. It can also be used in sporting good equipment, like baseball bats, lacrosse stick handles, and golf club shafts. Hickory sawdust or chips can also add great flavor to meat if smoked. [1]

FLOORING
TOOL HANDLES
SPORTING GOODS
LADDER RUNGS
SMOKING MEATS

MILLING PROPERTIES - HICKORY

Hickory can be difficult to work with and cut due to its durability and strength. However, hickory’s moisture absorbing properties allow for superior bending properties when using steam. Hickory hardwoods dry quickly without warping or twisting, but may shrink when introduced to moisture


HARDWOOD PROPERTIES - HICKORY

Hickory wood’s unique patterns and coloring make it a very aesthetically pleasing choice and its hardness provides great stability. Additionally, hickory’s rugged structure can be useful for high-impact scenarios, like tool handles and spotting goods. Hickory is also one of the sturdiest hardwood flooring options since it is the hardest wood product created from North American trees. [3]

Due to its structure, hickory can be more difficult to work as compared to other wood types. Tearout may be possible during machining if cutting edges are dull or less sharp. (This is important to note because cutting this wood may wear down cutting edges.) However, hickory wood does glue, stain, and finish well.

Janka Hardness Scale


ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE - HICKORY

Hickory trees grow all over the world. North America has the most diverse population of hickory with up to 12 varieties in the United States, four in Canada, and four in Mexico. There are also six species that can be found in China, India, and Southeast Asia. [2]

Commonly, hickory trees are native to the midwest and eastern United States and grow near streams and rivers as they prefer moist soil. Alternatively, the mockernut hickory can grow on hills and ridges using a drier soil, as can pignut hickory. Because of their hardwood characteristics, hickory trees grow very slowly with an average of less than 12 inches a year. [6]

While hickory trees grow too large for most urban settings/yards, they provide large amounts of shade for parks and public spaces. The largest species of hickory tree is the shagbark hickory, which can grow up to 90 feet tall, sometimes growing up to 120 feet. This large tree has a trunk diameter of two to three feet and provides a canopy of shade up to 50 or 70 feet wide.

Volume of live trees on forest land, 1000 m3

All data derives from Forest Inventory Data Online (FIDO), a component of the U.S. Forest Service Inventory and Analysis Program (FIA). Data was compiled by AHEC in January 2016 using the most recent state inventory available (2014 for most states). "Forest volume" refers to "net volume of live trees on forest land," as defined by FIA (see glossary). FIA forest volume data is available for 49 U.S. states (Hawaii and Washington D.C. are omitted) with total hardwood forest volume of 18.1 billion m3 of which 13.5 billion m3are commercially significant.


HICKORY PRODUCTS AT BAIRD BROTHERS

Baird Brothers Fine Hardwoods is happy to assist with any questions you have about our hickory products, which can be made into a number of products: cabinetry, furniture, and much more. Hickory wood from Baird Brothers is is available in S4S lumber, hardwood plywood, flooring, countertops, moulidngs, stair parts, Interior doors, Mantels and rough hardwood lumber.

 

Please call 1-800-732-1697 or Contact Us if you need help with our extensive inventory.


COMPARISON TO OTHER WOOD SPECIES

Source: The Department of Agriculture's Wood Handbook

LumberSpecific GravityJanka HardnessModulus of Elasticity (MPa)Impact Bending (mm)Grain
African Mahogany --- 830 lb 9,700 --- Medium/Coarse
Alder 0.41 590 lb 9,500 510 Fine
Ash 0.6 1,320 lb 12,000 1,090 Fine
Basswood 0.37 410 lb 10,100 410 Fine
Beech 0.64 1,300 lb 11,900 1,040 Fine/Medium
Birch, Yellow 0.62 1,260 lb 13,900 1,400 Fine
Cedar, Western Red 0.32 350 lb 7,700 430 Fine
Cherry, Brazilian 0.91 2,350 lb 22,510 --- Medium
Cherry 0.5 950 lb 10,300 740 Fine
Cypress 0.51 510 lb 6,300 --- Medium
Douglas Fir 0.48 710 lb 12,300 660 Medium/Coarse
Hemlock 0.4 540 lb 8,300 530 Coarse
Hickory 0.66 1,820 lb 11,900 1,120 Medium
Maple, Hard 0.63 1,450 lb 12,600 990 Fine
Maple, Soft 0.47 700 lb 7,900 640 Fine
Oak, Red 0.63 1,290 lb 12,500 1,090 Coarse
Oak, White 0.68 1,360 lb 12,300 940 Coarse
Pine, Eastern White 0.35 380 lb 8,500 460 Medium
Pine, Ponderosa 0.4 460 lb 8,900 480 Medium
Pine, Yellow (Shortleaf) 0.51 690 lb 12,100 840 Fine/Medium
Poplar 0.42 540 lb 10,900 610 Medium
Sapele 0.67 1,410 lb 15,930 --- Fine
Teak 0.66 1,070 lb 10,700 --- Coarse
Walnut (Black) 0.55 1,010 lb 11,600 860 Medium

*Data is based on a moisture content of 12%.

GLOSSARY

Impact Bending — In the impact bending test, a hammer of given weight is dropped upon a beam from successively increased heights until rupture occurs or the beam deflects 152 mm (6 in.) or more. The height of the maximum drop, or the drop that causes failure, is a comparative value that represents the ability of wood to absorb s hocks that cause stresses beyond the proportional limit.

Janka Hardness — Defined as resistance to indentation using a modified Janka hardness test, measured by the load required to embed a 11.28-mm (0.444-in) ball to one-half its diameter. Values presented are the average of radial and tangential penetrations.

Modulus of Elasticity — Elasticity implies that deformations produced by low stress are completely recoverable after loads are removed. When loaded to higher stress levels, plastic deformation or failure occurs.

Specific Gravity - A measure of the ratio of a wood's density as compared to water. If a wood species had the same density as water, the specific gravity would be 1.00.


SOURCES

  1. “Species Specs: Hickory/Pecan”. Hardwood Floors Magazine. Hardwoodfloorsmag.com. Accessed Aug. 2021.
  2. "Hickory". Wikipedia. Accessed Aug. 2021.
  3. “Hickory Hardwood Technical Species information”. Novausawood.com. Accessed Aug. 2021.
  4. “American Hickory”. American Hardwood. Americanhardwood.org. Accessed Aug. 2021.
  5. "10 Different Typs of Hickory Wood (Plus Important Facts)". Homestratosphere.com. Accessed Aug. 2021.
  6. "Hickory Lumber". Advantagelumber.com. Accessed Aug. 2021.
  7. "Hickory Trees". Leafyplace.com. Accessed Aug. 2021.